Spread the pecans on a rimmed baking sheet and toast, tossing occasionally, until fragrant, 5 to 6 minutes; roughly chop. Melt the butter in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
Add the sugar and cinnamon and cook, whisking occasionally, until smooth, 4 to 5 minutes. Gently stir in the bananas.
Remove from heat and add the rum. Using a match, carefully ignite the mixture and wait until the flame goes out. Stir in the pecans.