Sprinkle chicken with salt and pepper and dredge in flour. Warm oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
Add chicken and cook, turning once, until browned on both sides, about 4 minutes total.
Add wine and artichokes and bring to a boil. Reduce heat, cover and simmer until chicken is almost cooked through, 10 to 15 minutes. Scatter lemon slices over chicken, cover and cook until chicken is done, 2 to 3 minutes longer.
Transfer chicken and lemon slices to a platter.
Stir thyme into sauce and season with additional salt and pepper, if desired.