Discard giblets and neck from chicken. Starting at neck cavity, loosen skin from breasts and drumsticks by inserting fingers, gently pushing between skin and meat.
Combine butter and next 7 ingredients (through garlic) in a small bowl. Rub mixture under loosened skin, over flesh; rub over top of skin. Tie ends of legs together with twine. Lift wing tips up and over back; tuck under chicken.
Place chicken, breast side up, on a rack; place rack in roasting pan.
Place shallots, thyme sprigs, and lemon in cavity of chicken.
Bake at 350 for 45 minutes. Increase oven temperature to 450 (do not remove chicken); bake at 450 for 15 minutes or until a thermometer inserted in meaty part of leg registers 16
Remove chicken from pan; let stand 10 minutes. Discard skin. Carve chicken.