Whisk egg, milk, sugar, cinnamon, and 1/2 tsp. vanilla together in a large bowl.
Stir mascarpone, remaining 1 tsp. vanilla, and the liqueur together in another bowl.
Spread mascarpone mixture over 4 bread slices; top with remaining slices.
Cook maple syrup and berries in a small covered saucepan until berries start to break down, 5 to 10 minutes.
Remove from heat.
Heat a large heavy frying pan or 2 smaller ones; swirl butter in pan(s). Dip sandwiches in egg mixture, then cook, turning once, until crisp and browned, 4 to 8 minutes total.